Short Answer 
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system, leading to symptoms like weakness and cognitive challenges. Common misconceptions include the belief that MS is fatal and affects the peripheral system; the most accurate understanding is that MS is a nonfatal disease disrupting the CNS.
Step 1: Understand Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a type of autoimmune disease that primarily targets the central nervous system (CNS), which encompasses the brain and spinal cord. The disease is marked by inflammation that damages the myelin sheath, the protective covering around nerve fibers. This disruption in communication between nerve cells can lead to various symptoms including weakness, fatigue, and cognitive challenges.
Step 2: Review Common Misconceptions
There are several prevalent misconceptions about MS that need clarification. Key points include:
- Nonfatal Nature: MS is generally considered a nonfatal disease, contrary to some beliefs that it can lead to death.
- Focus on CNS: It specifically attacks the CNS, not the peripheral nervous system as wrongly stated in some options.
- Varied Symptoms: While memory issues can arise, they are just part of a broader range of symptoms associated with the disease.
Step 3: The Most Accurate Statement
After reviewing various statements regarding MS, the most accurate one is that it is a nonfatal disease disrupting the central nervous system (CNS). This choice captures the essence of MS effectively, distinguishing it from mischaracterizations about severity and symptom focus. Thus, identifying this statement as the correct explanation helps in understanding the nature of MS clearly.