Short Answer 
In Langston Hughes’s poem, the repetition of ‘dream’ symbolizes the persistent longing for an equitable society, reflecting the hopes of the African-American community facing systemic oppression. This emphasis underscores the elusive nature of these aspirations and critiques ongoing societal barriers, calling for awareness and action to achieve the dreams of equality and justice.
Step 1: Understand the Concept of ‘Dream’
The word ‘dream’ in Hughes’s poem symbolizes a vision for a world defined by equality and justice. It represents the hopes and aspirations of individuals, especially the African-American community, longing for an existence free from racial oppression. Through his repeated use of ‘dream’, Hughes indicates that this vision is something worth striving for, not just an escapist fantasy.
Step 2: Analyze the Role of Repetition
Hughes’s use of repetition serves to highlight the importance of these dreams while illustrating their frequent elusiveness. Repeating the word ‘dream’ emphasizes that this longing is continual and deeply rooted within the human spirit. The motif signifies a persistent hope, indicating that while societal change is necessary, achieving it is often hindered by systemic barriers and inequalities.
Step 3: Reflect on the Broader Implications
The repetition not only underscores aspirations for a better world but also critiques the continual struggle against systemic oppression. Hughes uses this emphasis to call for awareness and action, suggesting that the collective dreams of individuals can inspire transformation. The poem ultimately serves as a poignant reminder of the work that remains to be done to realize these dreams in reality.