Short Answer 
The state of nature, as described by Thomas Hobbes, is a hypothetical condition where humans exist without governance, leading to chaos driven by self-interest. To escape this turmoil, individuals enter into a social contract, sacrificing certain liberties for security and order provided by a governing body, which is essential for a structured and peaceful society.
Step 1: Understand the State of Nature
In the philosophical context introduced by Thomas Hobbes in his book, Leviathan, the concept of the state of nature describes a hypothetical scenario where humans exist without any organized society or governance. In this state, individuals are driven by self-interest and compete for resources, leading to a chaotic environment characterized by a “war of all against all.” This setting illustrates the potential dangers of unregulated human behavior.
Step 2: The Need for a Social Contract
To escape the chaos and potential dangers of the state of nature, individuals recognize the necessity of forming a social contract. This involves each person agreeing to give up certain individual liberties in exchange for the protection and order provided by a governing body, often referred to as the state. This contract is crucial because it lays the foundation for a structured society where laws govern behavior and help prevent conflict.
Step 3: Formation of Government to Protect Interests
The result of this social contract is the establishment of a government, which is responsible for regulating society and ensuring the survival of its citizens. By collectively creating a governing system, individuals can focus on their personal interests without fear of perpetual conflict. Thus, the government serves to safeguard their essential interests, fostering a peaceful environment where cooperation can thrive.