Short Answer 
The Convention People’s Party (CPP) was founded in June 1949 by Kwame Nkrumah after he left the UGCC due to ideological differences. The CPP played a pivotal role in advocating for self-governance through non-violent protests, which garnered public support for Nkrumah and ultimately led to Ghana’s independence from colonial rule.
1. Formation of the CPP
The Convention People’s Party was established in June 1949 when Kwame Nkrumah separated from the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC). This split occurred after Nkrumah was imprisoned due to his escalating disagreements with UGCC leadership. Nkrumah’s vision for a self-governing Ghana motivated him to gather a coalition of UGCC members and other supporters to form the CPP.
2. Advocacy for Self-Governance
Under Nkrumah’s guidance, the CPP organized significant non-violent protests advocating for self-governance. These protests heightened the colonial government’s scrutiny of Nkrumah, leading to his imprisonment for a second time. Despite this setback, Nkrumah’s commitment to his beliefs resonated with the Ghanaian people, who showed overwhelming support for him, even while he was behind bars.
3. Achieving Independence
The relentless efforts of the CPP, coupled with public support for Nkrumah’s leadership, ultimately culminated in Ghana’s quest for independence from colonial rule. Key issues addressed during this time included the struggles against colonial powers, the 1948 riots, and political advocacy. These discussions were instrumental in shaping the political landscape of Ghana and the eventual establishment of its independence.