Short Answer 
Machiavelli outlines Rome’s effective control methods over conquered territories, which include military force, political alliances, and strategic colonization. He highlights the importance of balancing liberty to prevent rebellion, drawing lessons from the Florentine experience with Pisa, emphasizing that excessive autonomy can lead to loss of control and authority.
Step 1: Understanding Rome’s Control Methods
Machiavelli explains how Rome successfully maintained dominance over its conquered territories such as Capua, Carthage, and Numantia. The key methods employed by Rome included:
- Military Force: Utilizing a strong army to suppress any potential uprisings.
- Political Alliances: Forming beneficial partnerships with local leaders to gain loyalty.
- Strategic Colonization: Establishing settlements to solidify control and integrate conquered peoples.
Step 2: The Role of Liberty in Governance
Machiavelli discusses the concept of liberty as a double-edged sword in the context of ruling former republics. While the idea may inspire rebellion, it can also lead to instability if mismanaged. He suggests that a ruler should:
- Limit Excessive Freedom: Avoid granting too much autonomy that could encourage uprisings.
- Find Balance: Establish a fair equilibrium between control and freedom to maintain order.
- Ensure Stability: Generate a safe environment that precludes the potential for rebellions.
Step 3: Lessons from the Florentine Experience
The case of the Florentines and Pisa serves as a cautionary tale on governance. Their loss of control over Pisa was attributed to granting it too much independence. Through this example, Machiavelli emphasizes that:
- Excessive Autonomy: Allowing conquered regions too much freedom can backfire.
- Governance Strategies: Employ strategic governance to ensure allegiance and obedience from these territories.
- Consequences of Poor Management: Recognizing the need for control to prevent rebellion and loss of power.