Short Answer 
In the epic of Gilgamesh, the hero seeks divine aid from the sun god Shamash to combat Humbaba, showcasing the vital role of gods in human struggles. As Gilgamesh interacts with various deities, he confronts the complexities of fate and ultimately learns that while life is fleeting, the legacy of humanity persists, altering his understanding of mortality and existence.
Step 1: The Divine Request
In the epic, Gilgamesh seeks the assistance of the sun god Shamash during a critical moment in his battle against Humbaba, the guardian of the sacred cedar forest. Feeling overwhelmed and in danger, Gilgamesh calls upon Shamash for guidance and strength, demonstrating the importance of divine intervention in human struggles. This highlights the relationship between humans and gods, as heroes often require divine support to face formidable foes.
Step 2: The Gods’ Influence on Fate
The narrative takes a turn as Gilgamesh experiences both aid and retribution from various gods. While some deities support his quest to defeat Humbaba, others enact punishment, illustrating the unpredictable nature of divine powers. This interplay influences the plot by propelling Gilgamesh towards a deeper understanding of mortality, as the gods’ responses challenge his views on immortality and life.
Step 3: The Revelation of Mortality
As Gilgamesh engages with the gods and faces the consequences of his actions, he comes to a profound realization about life and death. The narrative teaches that while individuals may seek eternal life, ultimately, mortality is an inherent part of existence. Gilgamesh learns that man may die, but the legacy of humankind endures, shifting his perspective on life, death, and what it truly means to live. This essential lesson shapes the core message of the epic.