Short Answer 
A dictatorship is a government where one individual holds absolute power, characterized by a lack of democratic processes and suppression of opposition. In contrast, an oligarchy is governed by a small elite group, with limited political participation from the general populace. Both systems are forms of totalitarianism, enforcing control over many aspects of life and limiting personal freedoms.
Step 1: Understanding Dictatorship
A dictatorship is a form of government where a single individual holds absolute power over the state. This leader often makes decisions unilaterally, without any input from citizens or other branches of government. Key features of a dictatorship include:
- Concentration of power in one person
- Lack of democratic processes
- Suppression of political opposition
Step 2: Understanding Oligarchy
An oligarchy is a political system where control is maintained by a small group of individuals. This group can be formed based on various factors such as wealth, family ties, corporate interests, or military control. The characteristics of an oligarchy include:
- Power held by a select few
- Decision-making controlled by this elite group
- Limited political participation by the general populace
Step 3: Totalitarian Characteristics
Both dictatorships and oligarchies can be categorized as forms of totalitarianism, where the governing body exercises comprehensive control over many aspects of life. This results in the following consequences:
- Extensive limits on personal freedoms
- Manipulation of information and media
- Enforcement of loyalty to the ruling body