Short Answer 
Biogeographic isolation occurs when species are separated by geographic or biological barriers, leading to independent evolution. Geographic forces like physical barriers, habitat fragmentation, and climate changes contribute to this isolation, which allows for breeding among populations, potentially resulting in new traits and the emergence of new species over time.
Step 1: Understanding Geographic Forces
The concept of biogeographic isolation primarily revolves around the influence of geographic forces. These forces can include physical barriers like mountains, rivers, or oceans that separate populations of organisms. Geographic isolation prevents individuals from coming into contact with each other, which is essential for the separation needed to observe this phenomenon in species.
Step 2: Separation of Species
Biogeographic isolation specifically describes the separation of members of the same species. This separation can be both geographical and biological, meaning it can involve both physical distances and biological factors like habitat preference. Consequently, when members of a species are isolated, they can no longer interact or reproduce with each other, leading to potential speciation.
Step 3: Breeding and Offspring Capability
Despite the isolation, biogeographic isolation includes organisms that are able to breed and produce offspring. These offspring must also retain the ability to breed and continue the lineage. This reproductive capability is crucial because it means that even isolated populations can evolve separately while still having the potential to connect through breeding if the isolation is broken.
The process where members of a species are separated due to geographic or biological forces, leading to independent evolution and variations within the species over time.
Natural factors, including physical barriers, habitat fragmentation, and climate changes, that contribute to the separation of species populations and create conditions for biogeographic isolation.
The potential for organisms within isolated populations to produce viable offspring, which enables the development of new traits and can eventually lead to the emergence of new species.